Why entertain such dreadful thoughts?
Because a growing body of scientific
evidence points to a trend that could
spell heartbreak for future tourists and
catastrophe for many sectors of the
tourism industry. Global warming, driven
mostly by carbon dioxide and other
heat-trapping gases spewed skyward by
the world's bustling fossil-fuel
economy, could negatively affect many of
the world's most-visited tourist
destinations within the next few
decades.And tourists
themselves, ironically, are contributing
mightily to the problem, traveling in
ever-higher numbers on a planet where
virtually every new snowmobile, jumbo
jet, cruise liner, Winnebago, hot tub
and air-conditioned hotel ballroom draws
power ultimately from oil, gas or coal.
These fuels, once burned, add directly
to the CO2 load threatening the very
destinations people love to visit.
If you have trouble picturing
your own favorite getaway spot despoiled
by global warming and its seemingly
science-fictionlike consequences,
consider the physical evidence already
on display:
Spawned by just one degree of
planetary warming in the 20th century,
glaciers worldwide are retreating at
breathtaking speed. Spots like Africa's
fabled Mount Kilimanjaro will be
ice-free in just 15 years and Montana's
Glacier National Park will be devoid of
glaciers in 70 years if current trends
hold, according to recent studies.
Coral reefs, which attract
multitudes of flipper-footed tourists to
tropical playgrounds worldwide, are
likewise in free-fall decline.
Twenty-seven percent of the world's
reefs have been destroyed in the past 50
years due to rising sea surface
temperatures and other factors, and
another 32 percent are at risk of dying
by 2050, again with water temperature a
factor, according to the Global Coral
Reef Monitoring Network, an
international clearinghouse for coral
reef studies in Townsville, Australia.
Far-flung travel guides and
outfitters report strange and suddenly
unpredictable rainfall patterns
worldwide that frustrate tourist
activities, and warmer temperatures that
could widen the range of malaria-bearing
mosquitoes, affecting potentially
millions of travelers.
Perhaps the most surreal
indication of what might be in store
comes from the idyllic, tourist-friendly
island nations of Tuvalu and Kiribati,
in the South Pacific. Tuvalu is
developing concrete emigration plans to
evacuate its islands perhaps entirely
in this century, migrating en masse to
"host countries" like New Zealand. This
is because scientists say sea-level rise
could inundate Tuvalu and other
low-lying island countries almost
entirely as polar ice melts and ocean
water expands. Rising ocean water in
Kiribati is already destroying coastal
roads and crops.
Beyond the obvious hardships on
local populations, these and other
climate-related changes could have a
huge impact on many sectors of the
travel and tourism business. That
industry is now the world's largest,
accounting for 11 percent of the world's
gross economic product in 1999, with
$3.5 billion in direct and indirect
receipts, according to the World Travel
& Tourism Council (WTTC), an industry
trade association based in London.
"Tourism is an industry harmed
by any harm to the environment. Period,"
says Bill Maloney, executive vice
president of the American Society of
Travel Agents in Alexandria. "Global
warming is definitely on our radar
screen of concerns."